The Impact of Delirium after Radical Prostatectomy on Cognitive Function and Health Perception during the Recovery Period.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the influence of delirium following radical prostatectomy on cognitive function and health perception during the recovery period. METHODS: Data were collected from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between May 2020 and May 2022. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), categorising patients into delirium and non-delirium groups. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) were employed to evaluate patients' mental health pre-and post-surgery. Comparative analyses were conducted between patients with and without delirium in the critical care unit, and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: The study revealed a delirium incidence rate of 19.13%. Patients in the delirium group exhibited significantly higher age and ICU length of stay compared to those without delirium (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in MoCA scores one day before surgery and seven days after surgery, as well as BIPQ scores one day before surgery, five days after surgery and seven days after surgery between the delirium and non-delirium groups (p > 0.05); However, the MoCA scores in the delirium group were significantly lower than those of the non-delirium group on the second and fifth days post-surgery. Additionally, the BIPQ scores in the delirium group were significantly higher than those in the non-delirium group two days after surgery (p < 0.001). A moderate negative correlation was observed between MoCA scores and CAM-ICU scores, and a moderate positive correlation was identified between BIPQ scores and CAM-ICU scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients experiencing delirium after radical prostatectomy are at a higher risk of cognitive function impairment and disease threat perception. A significant correlation exists between postoperative delirium and cognitive function as well as health perception.

The Impact of Delirium after Radical Prostatectomy on Cognitive Function and Health Perception during the Recovery Period

Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of delirium following radical prostatectomy on cognitive function and health perception during the recovery period. Methods: Data were collected from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between May 2020 and May 2022. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), categorising patients into delirium and non-delirium groups. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) were employed to evaluate patients’ mental health pre-and post-surgery. Comparative analyses were conducted between patients with and without delirium in the critical care unit, and correlation analyses were performed. Results: The study revealed a delirium incidence rate of 19.13%. Patients in the delirium group exhibited significantly higher age and ICU length of stay compared to those without delirium (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in MoCA scores one day before surgery and seven days after surgery, as well as BIPQ scores one day before surgery, five days after surgery and seven days after surgery between the delirium and non-delirium groups (p > 0.05); However, the MoCA scores in the delirium group were significantly lower than those of the non-delirium group on the second and fifth days post-surgery. Additionally, the BIPQ scores in the delirium group were significantly higher than those in the non-delirium group two days after surgery (p < 0.001). A moderate negative correlation was observed between MoCA scores and CAM-ICU scores, and a moderate positive correlation was identified between BIPQ scores and CAM-ICU scores (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients experiencing delirium after radical prostatectomy are at a higher risk of cognitive function impairment and disease threat perception... (AU)

Correlation between symptom status, health perception, and spiritual well-being in heart failure patients: A structural equation modeling approach.

AIM: To explore predictors of spiritual well-being behaviors among heart failure patients based on Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model of health-related quality of life and to clarify the interrelationships among these variables. DESIGN: A descriptive and correlational study design was used. METHODS: This study included 202 heart failure patients treated between October 2020 and July 2021. Data were collected using the Symptom Status Questionnaire-Heart Failure, Perception of Health Scale, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Descriptive analysis, correlation, and structural equation modeling were performed. RESULTS: Characteristic factors positively affected spiritual well-being both directly (ß = 0.19, p = 0.007) and indirectly (ß = 0.19; CI (0.106; 0.311)). The direct relationship between health perception and spiritual well-being was significant (ß = 0.83, p < 0.05). Symptom status acted as an essential mediator between model variables and spiritual well-being (ß = -0.28; CI (-0.449; -0.133)). Comorbidity and symptom status also influence spiritual well-being through health perceptions. These variables explain 77% of the variance in spiritual well-being. CONCLUSION: The modified structural equation modeling based on Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model fits well in predicting spiritual well-being in patients with heart failure. Spiritual well-being was reported to be poor, and changes in spiritual well-being were predicted by age, educational level, marital status, comorbidity, symptom status, and health perception. The results can be applied to patients with heart failure and may serve as a guide for assessment and interventions for improving spiritual well-being. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study mainly concludes that symptom status and perceived health status affect spiritual well-being in heart failure patients. Symptom relief and improvement in perceived health status interventions may help enhance spiritual well-being in this population. Future studies are needed to investigate the different predictor's effects on spiritual well-being and examine whether symptom management and health status-enhancing interventions result in improved spiritual well-being in the heart failure population. REPORTING METHOD: This study was reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Psychological Health in Late Effects of Poliomyelitis: Ten-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with late effects of poliomyelitis (LEoP) cope with various physical and psychological symptoms throughout their entire life which become more severe as they are ageing. OBJECTIVES: To perform a 10-year follow-up of the functional status and levels of psychological health of individuals with LEoP and to examine the associations of hope levels, work status, health perceptions, and life satisfaction with functional and psychological changes. DESIGN: A within-subject 10-year follow-up study. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-two individuals with LEoP who participated in a previous study 10 years ago. METHODS: Outcome measures included the functional status of individuals with LEoP assessed by the activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire, emotional distress based on the Global Health Questionnaire (GHQ), hope based on the Hope Scale, life satisfaction as measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and subjective health perception. The McNemar test, paired t-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 66.9 ± 8.5 years with a male-female ratio of 0.52. A significant functional deterioration was noticed during the follow-up years. Yet, the functional deterioration was not associated with changes in psychological health. Psychological health was associated with elevated levels of hope and life satisfaction. Individuals with LEoP who continued to work demonstrated higher psychological health, higher levels of hope, and greater life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with LEoP demonstrated significant psychological health, manifested in their ability to block emotional distress and maintain life satisfaction despite the deterioration in their functional status. Hope and psychological health were associated with increased life satisfaction. Work appeared to be a significant source of psychological health in this population.

The Influence of Packaging Color on Consumer Perceptions of Healthfulness: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Framework.

When consumers evaluate a new product, packaging design plays a critical role. In particular, packaging color is a dominant design cue that influences consumer perception of a product. Several studies have investigated the influence of color on taste. However, there is limited research on the influence of packaging color on consumer health perception. As healthy eating is a focus for many consumers and public decision-makers, more knowledge is needed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of empirical studies that have investigated the influence of packaging color on consumers' health perceptions and to provide a psychological explanation for the observed effects. The systematic review includes 20 empirical studies across different product groups. The results show that packaging color influences consumers' health perceptions. We argue that the influence of packaging color on consumer health perceptions can be explained by the following mechanisms, which are not mutually exclusive: (1) consumers rely on a color as an explicit signal for health; (2) colors are associated with beliefs that indirectly influence health assessments; and (3) colors trigger mental simulations that influence health assessments. In addition, we provide suggestions for further research that will contribute to a better understanding of when and how packaging color can help consumers make healthier food choices.

The Relationship of the Prenatal Distress with Health Literacy and Health Perception of Pregnant Women.

Background: The effects of health-literacy and health-perception on prenatal distress levels of pregnant women were not investigated. We aimed to examine the relationship between pregnant women's prenatal distress levels with their health-literacy and health-perception and affecting factors. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 223 pregnant women in Ankara, Turkey in 2021. Data were collected with a personal information form, Health Literacy Scale (HLS), Health Perception Scale (HPS), and Prenatal Distress Scale (PDS). Results: Participants' mean score on the PDS was 11.39±6.17. Participants who had a high level of education (P=0.040), working (P=0.026), no history of miscarriage/abortion (P=0.040), and a bad relationship with their spouses (P<0.001) had significantly higher mean scores on the PDS. There was a significant negative correlation between total PDS and HLS scores (P<0.001) and a positive correlation between total PDS and HPS scores (P<0.001). Total HLS and HPS scores, spousal relationship status, education level, and employment had an effect on the mean PDS score and that the explanatory power of the model was found 21.5% (R2=0.215). Conclusion: Pregnant women had a moderate level of prenatal distress. While the prenatal distress levels of pregnant women with high health-literacy levels decreased, the levels of those who were employed, had a higher level of education, and had a bad relationship with their spouses increased. Awareness of the factors affecting pregnant women's prenatal distress can guide the provision of adequate care and support interventions during pregnancy.

Health perception and restorative experience in the therapeutic landscape of urban wetland parks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The effects of restoration and inspiration in the therapeutic landscape of natural environments on visitors during the COVID-19 pandemic have been well-documented. However, less attention has been paid to the heterogeneity of visitor perceptions of health and the potential impacts of experiences in wetland parks with green and blue spaces on visitors' overall perceived health. In this study, we investigate the impact of the restorative landscapes of wetland parks on visitors' health perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In our survey, 582 respondents participated in an online questionnaire. We analyzed the respondents' health perceptions in terms of latent class analysis, used multinomial logistic regression to determine the factors influencing the potential categorization of health perceptions, and used structural equation modeling to validate the relationships between health perceptions of different groups and landscape perceptions of wetland parks, restorative experiences, and personality optimistic tendencies. Results: The results identified three latent classes of health perceptions. Gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, distance, frequency of activities, and intensity of activities were significant predictors of potential classes of perceived health impacts among wetland park visitors. Discussion: This study revealed the nature and strength of the relationships between health perception and landscape perception, restorative experience, and dispositional optimism tendencies in wetland parks. These findings can be targeted not only to improve visitor health recovery but also to provide effective references and recommendations for wetland park design, planning, and management practices during and after an epidemic.

Associations between health issues and food consumption with overweight and obesity in three university students minorities.

Objective: To determine the presence of overweight and obesity among minorities, and the factors contributing to this weight disparity. Participants: The study comprises 3405 students including nonwhite, international, and first-generation college students. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey collected data on demographics, height, weight, self-health perception, overall sleep quality, progress in school, and food consumption. Three logistic regressions tested abnormal weight associations with health issues and food consumption. Results: Being 31 years-old or older, perception of health and consumption of ultra-processed food was significant with abnormal weight (BMI > 25). Only nonwhite and international students were correlated with ultra-processed and fast-food consumption respectively. Conclusion: Each minority presented vulnerabilities to high percentages of weights exceeding the appropriate rates of BMI. The high consumption of fast and ultra-processed foods makes it important to consider factors related to health perception in each minority group.

'A healthy lifestyle is a journey': exploring health perceptions and self-defined facilitators to health through photo-elicitation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore health perceptions and self-defined facilitators to health in general population. An additional aim of the study was to assess if these perceptions were connected with the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. DESIGN: We applied photo-elicitation method by gathering original photographs and narratives (captions) via social media and e-mails. Participants (N = 50) were asked to answer the question: 'What does it mean to be healthy?'. Data were collected online in Poland. We generated and interpreted the main themes associated with common perceptions of health and self-defined facilitators to health using polytextual thematic analysis. RESULTS: The health perception themes were, health as: a 'long journey'; keeping balance; and self-acceptance. The main facilitators to health were: enjoyment of activities that are part of a healthy lifestyle; planning time for rest; contact with nature, and supportive relationships. Participants' perceptions of how Covid-19 impacted on their health differed. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide evidence for individual health perceptions and self-defined facilitators to health and can support the development of future health interventions.

Functional characteristics and subjective disease perception in patients with COVID-19 two months after hospital discharge.

Introduction: Although early inpatient and post-hospital rehabilitation is recognized as necessary, not all COVID-19 patients have access to rehabilitation. There are no published reports in the literature that investigate the outcomes of patients who do not receive rehabilitation after COVID-19. Our aim was to evaluate possible improvements in determinate functional and psychological parameters in COVID-19 patients two months after their hospital discharge. Methods: On both time points various motor, cognitive, and clinical measurements such as body composition, tensiomyography, blood pressure, spirometry, grip strength test, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, 30-second chair-stand test, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, were performed. Additionally, questionnaires such as the SARC-CalF test, Edmonton frail scale, International Physical Activity questionnaire andThe Mediterranean Lifestyle index were conducted to assess lifestyle characteristics. Results: A total of 39 patients (87.2% male; mean age of 59.1 ± 10.3 years), who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 at the Izola General Hospital (IGH), Slovenia between December 2020 and April 2021, were included. Patients were assessed at two time points (T1 and T2): T1 was taken after receiving a negative COVID-19 test and T2 was taken two months after T1. After two months of self-rehabilitation, we have detected a BMI increase (p < .001), fat free mass increase (p < .001), better Edmonton frail scale (p < .001), SARC-CalF score (p = .014) and MoCA score (p = .014). There were no detected changes in lifestyle habits nor in physical performance tests. Discussion: It is already known that COVID-19 has long-term negative consequences regardless of the stage of the disease. Our findings support the notion that patients cannot fully regain all their functions within a two-month period without receiving structured or supervised rehabilitation. Therefore, it is crucial to offer patients comprehensive and structured rehabilitation that incorporates clinical, cognitive, and motor exercises.

Psychological distress and health perception in patients with a previous myocardial infarction or stroke: a national cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: While understanding the impact of mental health on health perception improves patient-centered care, this relationship is not well-established in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the relationship between psychological distress and health perception in patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke. METHODS: We extracted data for patients with a previous MI and/or stroke from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Health perception was self-reported. Presence and severity of anxiety and depression were estimated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). Binary analyses of anxiety/depression, multivariable logistic regressions controlling for confounders, and univariable analyses of confounders and anxiety/depression severity were performed. RESULTS: Of 31,948 individuals for whom data on MI/stroke was available, 1235 reported a previous MI and 1203 a previous stroke. The odds of positive perceived health status were lower for individuals with anxiety/depression compared to those without anxiety/depression in both post-MI (anxiety OR 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32-0.85, P < 0.001; depression OR 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29-0.7, P < 0.001) and post-stroke groups (anxiety OR 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.97, P < 0.001; depression OR 0.37, 95% CI = 0.25-0.55, P < 0.001) upon multivariable analyses. Increasing severity of anxiety/depression was also associated with worse perception of health status upon univariable analysis. CONCLUSION: Among patients with a previous acute CVD event, those with psychological distress have worse perception of their health status. Understanding the range of patient health perceptions can help physicians provide more patient-centered care and encourage patient behaviors that may improve both CVD and mental health outcomes.

Association of eating habits with health perception and diseases among Chinese physicians: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Some eating habits may be related to the development of gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, and related metabolic dysfunctions. Because of long working hours, and shift schedules, physicians are more likely to form such eating habits and have a high risk of developing these diseases. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between physicians' eating habits and their health perception and diseases. Methods: Between 24 June and 5 August 2020, we performed convenience sampling of in-service physicians in hospitals in mainland China. A questionnaire was administered to collect data pertaining to basic sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits, health-related information such as body mass index classification, and prevalence of common diseases. The associations among eating habits and perceived suboptimal health status, micronutrient deficiency-related diseases, obesity, and related metabolic diseases were analysed. Results: The prevalence of unhealthy eating habits was high: more eating out-of-home (53.4% in hospital canteens, 23.0% in restaurants and takeaways), fewer meals at home, irregular meals (30.5%), and eating too fast (the duration <10 min, 34.6%). Among those with the above eating habits, the prevalence rates of sub-optimal health and disease were higher than among those without the above eating habits. Conclusion: Eating habits such as frequent eating out-of-home, irregular meals, and eating too fast were common among physicians, and were significantly related to perceived sub-optimal health status and disease occurrence.

Hunger modulates perceptions of food health but not taste in restricted eaters.

Introduction: Food taste and health perceptions are of particular interest for their implications on food choice. Most in vivo food choice studies experimentally control for hunger via a set preload or fast. Methods: To explore how hunger may interact with these perceptions to impact food decisions, we compared taste and health perceptions of sweet and savory obesogenic food items among hungry or satiated participants with varying restrained eating tendencies. Results: In our sample of 232 adults (M BMI = 25.9; M age = 36.4 yrs), highly palatable foods were perceived as tasty but unhealthy. Tastiness ratings were high, consistent across restrained eating groups, and unassociated with hunger. Perceptions of health, however, were impacted by the interaction of restrained eating group and hunger. Amongst hungry participants only, a graded association between restrained eating group and perceptions of health emerged for both food types. Specifically, hungry and highly restrained eaters viewed sweet foods as 2.8x healthier and savory foods as 2.1x healthier than their satiated counterparts. Discussion: Our data suggest that hunger predicts differential health perceptions, but not tastiness ratings, among restrained eaters. We argue that the generalization of food perception data-especially among different eater types-may be limited if the continuum of hunger level is experimentally constrained. Therefore, hunger is a critical dynamic to consider in explorations of food perceptions and eating behavior in restrained eaters.

Improvement in health perception but not quality of life with an antiseizure medication intervention in people with epilepsy in Guinea: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study assesses perceptions of quality of life (QOL) and overall health in people with epilepsy (PWE) in Guinea after a clinical intervention providing modified and new antiseizure medicine (ASM) regimens. METHODS: Participants 12 years and older diagnosed with active epilepsy were prospectively and consecutively enrolled at two health centers in the Republic of Guinea (one urban, one rural) in 2022. 95% of participants were prescribed new/increased ASM doses, and interviewed for QOL and overall health perceptions at enrollment and three- and six-month follow ups. Univariate and linear mixed models were used to evaluate effects on QOL and overall health over time. RESULTS: The mean QOLIE-31 score (±SD) among 148 Guinean PWE (82 male, 66 female; mean age 27.3; 137 with >1 seizure in prior year) was 51.7 ± 12.8 at enrollment, 57.6 ± 16.0 after three months (n = 116), and 52.2 ± 9.9 after six months (n = 87). Overall health scores were 53.1 ± 26.9, 72.6 ± 21.5, and 65.7 ± 20.2 respectively. After three months, PWE had improved overall health and QOLIE-31 scores (p<0.0001, p = 0.003), but these improvements persisted for overall health and not QOLIE-31 after six months (p = 0.001, p = 0.63). Seizure freedom (prior 30 days) was 26% initially, and 62 (42%) of the remaining PWE experiencing seizures achieved seizure freedom at either the first or second follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS: A noticeable discrepancy exists between Guinean PWE's self-rated perceptions of QOL and overall health. Purely clinical interventions may not be sufficient to improve QOL, especially in people that experience severe, previously-untreated epilepsy in lower income settings.

Turkish airline cabin crew members' attitudes towards protection from infectious diseases in the context of their health responsibilities and health perceptions.

INTRODUCTION: This paper investigated Turkish Airline cabin crew members' attitudes towards protection from infectious diseases in the context of their health responsibilities and health perceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 686 cabin crew members. Data were collected online using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, a scale of attitudes towards infectious diseases, the Health Perception Scale(HPS), and the Health Responsibility subscale(HRS) of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale(HLBS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v. 20.0). Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, f test, and correlation were used for analysis. RESULTS: Participants had a mean HPS and HRS score of 56.12 ± 8.22 and 24.50 ± 7.05, respectively. The difference between the participants' marital status, position in the workplace, age group, number of children, occupational experience, exposure to communicable diseases, training on prevention from communicable diseases, voluntary vaccination status, and HPS and HRS scores were statistically significant(p < .05). CONCLUSION: There was a strong correlation between HPS and HRS scores(r = 0.664). Cabin crew members' health perceptions and health responsibilities were affected by numerous factors. Suggestions were made to cabin crew members pertaining to infectious diseases and ways of protecting from them.

Behind the scenes of the healthcare COVID-19 pandemic crisis: potential affecting factors of healthcare work sustainability in Romania during 2020-2022.

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic represented a great disturbance for medical systems around the world, putting medical personnel on the front lines of the fight against the SARS-Cov2 virus. This fight was particularly impactful in countries with medical systems already facing various challenges, including Romania; where the pandemic unfolded in five waves that severely affected the psychological and physical well-being of medical professionals in terms of overload and continuous exposure to health threats. Against this background, our research aims to identify the mediating role of potential affecting factors of healthcare work sustainability during the change-related uncertainty conditions generated by the COVID 19 crisis. Dynamics and relations of nine carefully selected constructs were tracked along all five pandemic waves in Romania, which span from March 2020 to April 2022. The tested variables and constructs are perception of healthcare workers of their own state of health, their workplace safety, the work-family conflict, the satisfaction of basic needs, the work meaningfulness and work engagement, patient care, pandemic stress and burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on an online snowball sampling of 738 health workers from 27 hospitals. Panel research is limited to a maximum of 61 respondents for two successive waves. The analytical part is built on means comparison of analysed variables between all five pandemic waves and an in-depth model to explain the relationships between the variables. Results: The results indicate statistically significant correlations between the perception of health risks and all selected factors excluding patient care, which seems to be above the own health perception. The factors' dynamics was followed along all five pandemic waves. The developed model identified that one's health status satisfaction is a mediator of the family-work conflict and, together, of work engagement. In turn, work engagement plays a significant role in satisfying basic psychological needs and supporting work meaningfulness. Also, work meaningfulness influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Discussion: Health workers with higher levels of positive perceived health are better at managing pandemic stress, burnout effects and work-family imbalances. Adaptive behaviors and attitudes towards COVID-19 pandemic threats could be identified in later pandemic waves due to the progress in terms of medical protocols and procedures.

Impact of Family Function on the Quality of Life and Health Perception of Non-Institutionalized Dementia Patients.

BACKGROUND: Dementia is one of the pathologies that has increased the most among the older population (mainly Alzheimer's disease), and it has a direct impact on the quality of life (QoL), cognitive performance, and health of these patients. Family functionality can play a role in this QoL if these patients are not institutionalized. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of family function in the QoL and health perception of non-institutionalized dementia patients, as well as related variables such as anxiety, depression, optimism, or pessimism. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 54 patients diagnosed with some type of dementia, non-institutionalized, or in outpatient care, from different centers in the province of Valencia (Spain). The EQ-5D, MMSE, Apgar Family or general health, and Goldberg anxiety and depression questionnaires were utilized. RESULTS: The correlation of the Apgar Family with the General Health Questionnaire-new onset problems variable (GHQ) and Chronicity and General Health Questionnaire-chronic problems (CGHQ) of the Goldberg Quality of Life questionnaire was statistically significant and negative (GHQ r = -0.310; p = 0.034. CGHQ r = -0.363; p = 0.012); as well as between Apgar Family and Anxiety-Depression (r = -0.341; p = 0.020). The correlation of the Apgar Family with the Life Orientation Test-Pessimism variable (LOT) was statistically significant and negative (r = -0.270; p = 0.061). Finally, severe dysfunction of Apgar Family has a negative correlation with self-perception of health (p = 0.036 B = -16.589) determined by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). CONCLUSION: Family functionality directly influences anxiety, depression, optimism, and pessimism. This could explain why family function is related to the QoL of patients and their self-perception of health.

Cross-Lagged Associations Between Physical Activity, Self-Rated Health, and Psychological Resilience Among Older American Adults: A 3-Wave Study.

The current study examined the reciprocal association between psychological resilience, physical activity, and self-rated health in older America adults. A 3-wave cross-lagged panel design was employed using data sampled from the Health and Retirement Study 2010, 2014, and 2018. In total, 8380 older adults, age ranged between 56 and 95 years at the baseline (mean age = 68.06, SD = 7.77), were analyzed. Using structural equation modeling, standardized path coefficients were estimated to determine the relationship between physical activity, self-rated health, and psychological resilience across 2 follow-up points. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that higher levels of physical activity at T1 and T2 were significantly associated with higher levels of self-rated health at T2 and T3, respectively. Self-rated health at T1 and T2 were significantly associated with physical activity at T2 and T3, respectively. Self-rated health and psychological resilience were positively related to one another at each time point. However, relationship between physical activity and psychological resilience was complex across time. Study findings support reciprocal prospective relationship between physical activity and self-rated health and the relationship between self-rated health and psychological resilience.

Tipologías de mayores de 65 años en España según la Encuesta Europea de Salud / Typologies of people over 65 in Spain according to the European Health Survey

Introducción: Numerosas organizaciones e instituciones alertan sobre la necesidad de realizar actividad física por los múltiples beneficios que aporta a la salud de la población. En mayores de 65 años, la realización de algún tipo de actividad repercute directamente en un envejecimiento más saludable, una mejor gestión de los procesos degenerativos y todas aquellas enfermedades asociadas con la edad. Objetivo: Conocer el estado de salud y actividad física de los mayores de 65 años en España e identificar tipologías de población para poder establecer estrategias de promoción de la salud específicas. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo en una muestra formada por 7.167 individuos con datos recogidos durante los años 2019 y 2020 procedentes de la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España. Se seleccionan variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la actividad física y el estado de salud. Se realiza un análisis de clases latentes para analizar características en subgrupos de población mayor de 65 años. Resultados: Se encuentran 5 subgrupos de población, donde solo uno, que representa al 21,35% de los mayores, tiene una buena percepción de su salud y realiza actividad física de forma habitual. Conclusión: La mayor parte de la población española mayor de 65 años, a pesar de no padecer problemas de salud limitantes, presenta altos niveles de sedentarismo y obesidad. Es necesario promover políticas de envejecimiento saludable atendiendo a las características de los subgrupos de población mayor de 65 años, generando así una mayor autopercepción y consciencia hacia un estilo de vida saludable y activo. (AU)

Introduction: Numerous organizations and institutions warn of the need for physical activity due to the multiple benefits it brings to the health of the population. In people over 65 years of age, doing some type of activity has a direct impact on healthy ageing. Objective: To find out the state of health and physical activity of people over 65 years of age in Spain and to identify population typologies in order to establish specific health promotion strategies. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study using a sample formed by 7167 older adults with data collected during the years 2019 and 2020 from the European Health Survey in Spain. Sociodemographic variables related to physical activity and health status were selected. A latent class analysis was carried out to analyze characteristics in subgroups of the population over 65 years of age. Results: Five population subgroups were found where only one, representing 21.35% of the older adult, had a good perception of their health and regularly engaged in physical activity. Conclusion: Most of the Spanish population over 65 years, despite not suffering from limiting health problems, has high levels of sedentary lifestyles and obesity. It is necessary to promote healthy ageing policies taking into account the characteristics of the subgroups of the population over 65 years of age. (AU)

Perspectives on medication safety from vulnerable older migrants and their relatives-A qualitative explorative study.

Little is known about the combined effect of several risk factors occurring simultaneously, and the perspectives of patients with language barriers or dementia are lacking because these patients are often excluded as research participants. This study aimed at investigating medication safety among older migrants with cognitive disorders who use five or more medications daily from the perspective of older patients and their relatives. Eight semi-structured interviews with patients and relatives were conducted in their homes. The study adopted an inductive hermeneutic phenomenological approach and used both "Analyzing the present" and "Systematic text condensation" as inspiration for the analysis. Three main themes were identified: (i) potential medication safety and threats, (ii) communication and missing medication information and (iii) everyday life with medication. Threats to medication safety included medication perceptions, health perceptions, and cognitive impairment of the patient as well as miscommunication among departments, wrong diagnosis and medication, and unlocked medication cabinets. However, most families expressed having no problems concerning medication, which could be a result of limited engagement of the patient and relatives in the medical treatment and limited medication information provided to the families by healthcare professionals.